Numerous techniques and algorithms have been devised to assist the mining engineer in. An application of branch and cut to open pit mine scheduling. Godoy and dimitrakopoulos 2004 dealt with the open pit mine design and production scheduling problem, with a view to nd the most pro table mining sequence over the life of a mine. In an openpit production scheduling opps problem, the goal is to determine the mining sequence of an orebody as a block model. Their model considers upper and lower capacity constraints, but the application considers only upper bounds. The objective of this work is to develop, implement, and verify deterministic milp formulations for longterm largescale open pit production scheduling problems. A survey 3 and components of elementary genetic algorithms has been discussed e. The role of cost estimating in mine planning and equipment selection.
The proposed optimization algorithm and the resulting software evorelution a trademark. Global optimization of open pit mining complexes with. Longterm production scheduling of open pit mines using particle. Such a system will also enable kcgm to undertake a risk assessment of each design and schedule, ultimately providing a more robust pit design and extraction sequence. Simsched dbs software, in which the npv of the production scheduling is. The open pit mine production scheduling problem can be defined as specifying the sequence in which blocks should be removed from the mine in order to maximise the total discounted profit from the mine subject to a variety of physical and economic constraints. Jgap features grid functionality and a lot of examples.
Interactive openpit design using parameterization techniques. The scope of the study has included a analysis of current issues, b development of related theory, mathematical modeling, and solution algorithms, c implementation, validation, and application demonstration of the models developed in this research. Adhoc solutions for specific cases are useless for other cases partially explained by commercial interests of software and consulting companies heuristic techniques are poorly understood by mine planning practitioners. Openpit design and scheduling by use of genetic algorithms. In this research project the parameterization method has. Review of scheduling algorithms in open pit mining ing. Simsched is a software application integrated with modern. Open pit design and scheduling by use of genetic algorithms. That is, given operational resource constraints on extraction and processing, we seek a net present valuemaximizing schedule of when, if ever. The problem that is discussed in this paper has a grade con. Since that time, optimization and simulation, in particular, have been applied to both surface and underground mine planning problems, including mine design, long and shortterm production scheduling, equipment selection, and dispatching, inter alia. Mar 04, 2014 read reliability analysis of underground mining equipment using genetic algorithms a case study of two mine hoists, journal of quality in maintenance engineering on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
The heuristics that we implement in this paper to solve the open pit block scheduling problem were applied to different instances, from 62,000 blocks to 1,680,000 blocks, considering 12. Serifoglu and ulusoy 22 developed a heuristic algorithm to schedule several machines to simultaneously work for an operation of a stage to minimize the makespan. In this study, the maximum flow algorithm with a genetic algorithm is used to generate the longterm production schedule. A genetic algorithm ga with nested zooming strategy is proposed for the determination of the optimal open pit mine design. A hybrid heuristic algorithm for the openpitmining. Evolutionary algorithms in largescale open pit mine. In this article, genetic algorithm ga is used to encode the solutions of opps problem. Production scheduling of openpit mines using genetic algorithm. The ultimate pit limit problem determines a set of notional threedimensional blocks containing ore and or waste material to. Different genetic procedures are applied to increase robustness, namely two typologies of admissible mutations for the elite subpopulation subjected to zooming and mutation and reproduction for the remaining individuals. Performance analysis and best implementations of old and new algorithms for the openpit mining problem. A multistage stochastic programming approach to open pit. Production scheduling of open pit mines using particle swarm.
Application of genetic algorithms for reliability assessment of two mine hoisting systems. Production scheduling of the open pit mines is a difficult and complex optimization problem. Intelligent scheduling for underground mobile mining equipment. The open pit mine production scheduling problem opmpsp consists of scheduling the extraction of a mineral deposit that is broken into a number of smaller segments, or blocks, such that the net present value npv of the operation is maximised. Designxl is developed by primethought software solutions. The design and scheduling of openpit operations pose a perennial challenge to the surface mining industry. Within the planning processes of mineral mining in the open pit mine in colombia there is no evidence of the use of tools for decision making under uncertainty scenarios that allow these processes to perform metaheuristic techniques such as simulated annealing. Introduction to genetic algorithms including example code. A heuristic traditional mip solving approach for long term. Using a combination of genetic algorithm and the grid search method to determine optimum cutoff grades of multiple metal deposits international journal of surface mining, reclamation and environment 2004 18 1 60 78 2s2. Towards, in this paper, an efficient ga is developed and its application in production scheduling. Many studies have been carried out and many commercial software applications have been developed to improve the performances of surface mining operations, especially for the loadertrucks cycle of surface mining. Genetic algorithms for flexible scheduling of open pit operations, in proceedings 27th application of computer in mineral industry, p. A new methodology for the openpit mine production scheduling.
Jul 08, 2017 a genetic algorithm is a search heuristic that is inspired by charles darwins theory of natural evolution. Openpit production scheduling opps is an nphard problem. Reliability and maintainability models with or without covariances are based on the use of rigorous and complicated statistical techniques which include, for instance, theoretical probability distribution fitting, trend. Open pit design and scheduling by use of genetic algorithms, trans. To the best of our knowledge there are currently no algorithm or software package that can cater for the large number of constraints and sheer scale of the data sets represented by open pit mine scheduling. Metaheuristic approaches such as genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, ant. The open pit mine production scheduling problem can be defined as specifying the sequence in which blocks should be removed from the mine in order to maximise the total discounted profit from the mine subject to. A multistage stochastic programming approach to open pit mine production scheduling with uncertain geology natashia boland, irina dumitrescuy, gary froylandz october 24, 2008 abstract the open pit mine production scheduling problem opmpsp studied in recent years is. All the algorithms and instances are shared among the heuristics, so comparison in terms of performance is provided. The application of genetic algorithms to optimise the.
All relate directly to the effective management of cash flows, typically in the order of millions of dollars, and. Production scheduling in openpit is a complex mine planning problem. Different properties of the procedure were studied by its application to a. This algorithm is used in most commercial software packages for openpit mining. Approaches not based in linear programming include genetic algorithms and tabu search. Firstly, the graph structure in a stochastic framework is discussed, followed by the stochastic integer programming formulation for the open pit mine production scheduling problem.
Optimal open pit short term planning under uncertainty and. Three combinations of metaheuristics, including simulated annealing, particle swarm optimization and differential evolution, are tested to assess the performance of the solver. Open pit mine production schedule optimization using a. A multistage stochastic programming approach to open pit mine. A heuristic traditional mip solving approach for long term production scheduling in open pit. Production scheduling of open pit mines using particle.
Keywords openpit mining scheduling metaheuristics realworld application 1 introduction due to the high level of complexity, it becomes virtu. Using the lerchsgrossman algorithm during open pit mine. Open pit mining is one of the most widely used surface techniques to extract mineral reserves. Performance analysis and best implementations of old and. The graph structure for maximum flow is created for multiple periods under uncertainty, and the flow in the arcs is controlled by a genetic algorithm to develop a production schedule. However, there have been quite few studies aiming to improve the mining process of underground mines. Genetic algorithm ga is a wellknown member of evolutionary. An application of the ant colony algorithm was proposed by shishvan. Open pit mine scheduling is a complex task which is subject to very strict hard geometrical and other practical mining constraints. A genetic algorithm approach for openpit mine production scheduling. Dynamic pricing and revenue management for designing. Mine planning and equipment selection mpes 2010 knovel.
Uq research project to lead to greater opencut mine profitability. One of most important problem in production planning is keeping steady ore grade. Schofield, openpit design and scheduling by use of genetic algorithms, transactions of the institution of mining and metallurgy, section a. Maintainability analysis of underground mining equipment. In this research project the parameterization method has been extended to allow for the selection of abstract.
Open pit production scheduling opps is an nphard problem. Applications of operations research to mine planning date back to the 1960s. In the current scenario, itenabled services coupled with stateoftheart mining software are used to monitor quarry operations and to take key decisions for regular operation of mining. The objective of the model is to maximize the net present value, while. There exist several stateoftheart software solutions for optimisation of mineral resources, both available commercially and developed by companies in house. A genetic algorithm is a search heuristic that is inspired by charles darwins theory of natural evolution.
Opencut mine planning via closedloop recedinghorizon optimal. Openpit mine, production scheduling, genetic algorithm, marvin orebody and simsched dbs. Kcgm chief executive officer robert crew said the research was fundamental to the development of an integrated open pit design and scheduling system. Genetic algorithms for open pit scheduling extension into 3dimentions, in proceedings mine planning and equipment selection conference, sao paulo, brazil, p. Production scheduling of openpit mines using genetic. Kalantari one of the main obstacles in using mixed integer linear programming milp formulations for largescale open pit production scheduling is the size of the problem. Application of the metaheuristic approaches in open pit mine. A genetic algorithm with zooming for the determination of the. It is designed to require minimum effort to use, but is also designed to be highly modular. Uq research project to lead to greater opencut mine.
To generate a production sequence in which raw material is extracted by open pit mining, the orebody is firstly discretized into blocks, and using sparse data collected from drill cuts, the qualitygrade of each block is estimated andor simulated. In this article, linear programing formulation is used to aim this goal. This algorithm reflects the process of natural selection where the fittest individuals are. The proposed ga method investigates the optimisation of a mine ventilation system to minimise the operational fan power costs by the determination of the most effective combination of the fan operational duties and locations. In this paper a genetic algorithm ga based model has been used to optimize the blast design process. Here one can mention the pioneering works by rechenberg 93 and schwefel 102. Simulationbased mine extraction sequencing with chance. A genetic algorithm approach for open pit mine production scheduling. Optimum pit design plays an important role in mine scheduling. With many years of research and application to realworld problems, evolutionary algorithms eas have.
Therefore, blast design not only has to be efficient, but also has to be effective for this equipment set. It aims to define the most profitable extraction sequence of the mineralized material from the ground that produces maximum possible discounted profit while satisfying a set of physical and operational constraints. Metaheuristic optimization algorithms are a new class of tools, which have shown a good potential in the solution of large, complex and poorly understood optimization problems. According to the authors the dynamics of mining ore and waste and the spatial grade uncertainty make predictions of the optimal mining sequence a challenging task. Then, our solution approach using genetic algorithms is discussed. Similar to the mixedinteger programming library miplib, we present a library of publicly available test problem instances for three classical types of open pit mining problems. We propose here an efficient implementation of the pushrelabel algorithm adapted to the features of the openpit mining problem. Open pit production scheduling optimisation why the mining industry needs a new phase design approach. This is a video showing how to get an optimum pit shell in designxl given the blockmodel and the face angle constraints.
Performance analysis and best implementations of old and new. A genetic algorithm with zooming for the determination of. Jgap is a genetic algorithms and genetic programming package written in java. One of the main obstacles in using mixed integer linear programming milp formulations for largescale open pit production scheduling is the size of the problem. Read reliability analysis of underground mining equipment using genetic algorithms a case study of two mine hoists, journal of quality in maintenance engineering on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at. Opps problem is known as an nphard problem, so an exact mathematical model cannot be applied to solve in the real state. This section discusses a generalized open pit mining production scheduling problem under uncertainty. Longterm production scheduling for open pit mines is a largescale, complex optimization. This algorithm reflects the process of natural selection where the fittest individuals are selected for reproduction in order to produce offspring of the next generation. This paper describes a detailed study of the lg algorithm as compared to the maximum flow pushrelabel algorithm.
Open pit mine production schedule optimization using a hybrid of maximumflow and genetic algorithms article in applied soft computing 81. The objective of the model is to maximize the net present value. Mixed integer linear programming formulations for open pit. Open pit mine production schedule optimization using a hybrid. Genetic algorithms have been broadly used in many previous studies. In underground mines, mobile mining equipment is mostly scheduled instinctively. Evolution strategies have been originally developed for optimization problems in engineering. Keywords openpit mining scheduling metaheuristics realworld application 1 introduction due to the high level of complexity, it becomes virtually impossible for deterministic systems or human. Review of scheduling algorithms in open pit mining. Weintraub a, barros l, magendzo a, lbarra f, ortiz c. The scheduling aims to use the mobile mining equipment as optimally as possible to achieve the shortterm mining plan as productive and energyefficient as possible. The developed software is currently in the production use. Maptek relaunches open pit scheduler as maptek evolution.
The ultimate pit limit problem determines a set of notional threedimensional blocks containing ore andor waste material to. Processing schedules within a single solution and leveraging the cloud is 10 times faster than traditional methods, said maptek mine scheduling manager steve craig. Past, present and future of metaheuristic optimization. Maptek maptek relaunches open pit scheduler as maptek. This paper presents an application of genetic algorithms gas to the solution of a realworld optimisation problem.
The software runs on a cloudbased server using genetic algorithms which are ideally suited to multiobjective problems such as scheduling. Evolutionary algorithms in largescale open pit mine scheduling. A genetic algorithm approach for openpit mine production. Sep 17, 2011 one of the main obstacles in using mixed integer linear programming milp formulations for largescale open pit production scheduling is the size of the problem. Genetic algorithm ga is a wellknown member of evolutionary algorithms that widely are utilized to solve. The pushback design with capacity constraint using genetic algorithm in this research was applicable to a hypothetical two dimensional 2d deposit. Use of genetic algorithms in strategic and tactical open pit mine planning. A new metaheuristic algorithm for longterm openpit. Read scheduling in iron ore openpit mining, the international journal of advanced manufacturing technology on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
Since that time, optimization and simulation, in particular, have been applied to both surface and underground mine planning problems, including mine design, longand shortterm production scheduling, equipment selection, and dispatching, inter alia. The proposed approach uses genetic programming and software engineering metrics to identify the most suitable set of refactorings to apply to a software design. International journal of mining and geoengineering, 51, 1, 2017, 4752. Mar 07, 2014 read scheduling in iron ore open pit mining, the international journal of advanced manufacturing technology on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
From the findings of the study, it has been shown that generation of pits with increasing price was possible using the genetic open pit optimiser. A fair comparison cant be done without understanding the lowlevel. Schofield, openpit design and scheduling by use of genetic algorithms, trans. Optimizing open pit block scheduling with exposed ore. Pdf in an openpit production scheduling opps problem, the. A classical problem in the mining industry for openpit mines involves scheduling the production of notional threedimensional production blocks, each containing a predetermined amount of ore and waste. Nov 18, 2012 this is a video showing how to get an optimum pit shell in designxl given the blockmodel and the face angle constraints. Fundamental tree algorithm in optimising production scheduling for open pit mine design. Production scheduling of the open pit mines is a difficult and complex. In this thesis, several aspects of production scheduling and operational control problems have been investigated. We illustrate the efficacy of this approach by applying it to a large set of published models, as well as a realworld case study. Maintainability analysis software of mines hoist system. Optimizing open pit block scheduling with exposed ore reserve1.
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